Due to the slow pace of agricultural growth during the last decade, farmers in large parts of the country are facing distressing situation owing to stagnant farm productivity, rising production costs and falling net incomes. Therefore, the government of India has been launching several initiatives to address the problems of rural households in general and small and marginal farmers in particular. Reducing rural poverty and improving farm productivity without adverse effects on environment are also the most important millennium development goals (MDG) to which, India is committed.
There were broadly two types of programmes viz., those oriented to individual household and others focused on area development. The individual household oriented programmes mainly targeted the population below poverty line and attempted to reduce poverty through income enhancement, either by asset creation or employment generation.
The area development programs largely focused on creation of community infrastructure, natural resources development, and support to agriculture and livestock development. Capacity building and skill development were common to all the programmes. Reducing poverty and ensuring food and nutritional security was the major goals of most projects. These programmes had considerable research support and natural resource development programmes have been evaluated by several agencies. In general, it was found that programmes that have significant focus on land and water resources improvement, agriculture and livestock production have a better chance to contribute to poverty reduction, while creation of non-farm livelihood options can have a good supplementary effect.
Women in rural area, especially from poor families and land less laborers families have no credit even if they work as laborers their income goes in the hands of the men. This economic situation compelled them to be oppressed and not taking part in any of the development processes of activities. This ultimately affects their lives.